Respiratory complications
Respiratory complications: such as atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory insufficiency, etc. The incidence rate is particularly high in the elderly and weak, those with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Due to the pain of the wound after surgery, the patient cannot cough effectively, and sputum accumulation causes airway obstruction, atelectasis, and respiratory insufficiency.
Prevention lies in the patient’s full understanding and cooperation, and actively doing preoperative preparations. After the operation, encourage and urge them to take deep breaths and cough hard to effectively expectorate. If necessary, nasal catheter or bronchoscope suction can be performed.
Patients with pneumonia should actively receive anti-inflammatory treatment. When respiratory failure occurs, mechanical assisted breathing is often required.
Complications of the cardiovascular system
Complications of the cardiovascular system: old age, physical weakness, traction stimulation of the mediastinum and hilum during surgery, hypokalemia, hypoxia and massive bleeding are often the causes.
Common cardiovascular system complications include postoperative hypotension, arrhythmia, pericardial tamponade, heart failure, etc.
For elderly patients, those who have heart disease before surgery and those with low heart function, the surgical indications should be strictly controlled.
After surgery, keep the airway open and give sufficient oxygen, closely observe changes in blood pressure and pulse, and replenish blood volume in time.
The infusion rate after surgery should be slow and balanced to prevent excessive and excessive induction of pulmonary edema. At the same time, electrocardiogram monitoring should be performed.
Once abnormalities are found, they should be treated in time according to the condition. Elderly patients often have latent coronary heart disease. The various stimulations of surgical trauma can cause acute attacks, but they can be cured under the close monitoring and timely treatment of clinicians.