What is uremia
Uremia is not an independent disease, but a common clinical syndrome of various late-stage kidney diseases. It is the terminal stage of progressive chronic renal failure.
The acid-base balance of water and electrolyte metabolism is disturbed at this stage, and the metabolic products are retained in the body in large quantities, resulting in widespread systemic poisoning symptoms in the digestive tract, heart and lungs, nerves, muscles, skin, blood, etc.
Symptoms of uremia
When the kidneys almost completely lose their original functions and manifest themselves in various uncomfortable symptoms, such as severe nausea, vomiting, panting like a cow, palpitations, extreme fatigue, etc., this is uremia.
What is the cause of uremia?
Uremia is actually caused by various reasons. Most or all chronic damage to the renal parenchyma, the excretion function is lost, and therefore a variety of metabolic wastes cannot be excreted and certain endocrine hormones cannot be degraded, causing them to accumulate in the body and play a toxic role.
Uremia toxins include
Small molecular nitrogen-containing substances: guanidines, urea, uric acid, amines and indole metabolites of proteins.
Medium-molecular toxic substances: hormones that are excessively retained in the blood, such as parathyroid hormone polypeptide, etc.
Large-molecular toxic substances: glucagon, β2 microglobulin, lysozyme, etc.
Some of the above-mentioned small, medium and large molecular substances are toxic to the human body, while some are harmless to the human body at normal concentrations.
But when the blood level is too high, they will also have toxic effects and cause uremia symptoms. As the disease progresses to the terminal stage, uremia and a series of complications will appear.